Uma kukhona ingane ene-autism ekilasini lakho, kungenzeka ukuthi abazali bayo bakutshelile, ufunde ukuxilongwa kwayo, futhi udinga amasu asebenzayo okubasiza bafunde. I-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) yisimo esithinta indlela umuntu akhuluma ngayo futhi ahlobane ngayo nabanye.. Ukubona nokuqonda izidingo zabo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yabo endaweni yesikole.
Izici ze-autism ezinganeni
Izingane ezine-autism zivame ukuba nazo ubunzima obubalulekile ekuxhumaneni komphakathi. Ikhono labo lokuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu kanye nokuveza imizwelo lilinganiselwe, okungadala imigoqo esikoleni sabo nokuhlanganiswa komphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye bangase babe nokukhubazeka ekufundeni, izinkinga zolimi, noma ezinye izinkinga zokukhula.
Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-autism ebuntwaneni zihlanganisa:
- Ubunzima bokwenza ubungane nokugcina ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu.
- Izinkinga ekukhulumisaneni ngamazwi nangokungakhulumi.
- Umdlalo ophindaphindayo kunomdlalo ongokomfanekiso noma wokucabanga.
- Ukuthatheka ngezinto ezithile noma imikhuba.
- Ukuzwela okukhulu kwemisindo, ukukhanya noma ukwakheka.
- Ukuntuleka kokuthintana kwamehlo.
Nakuba ingane ingase ibe neziningi zalezi zimpawu, ukuxilongwa kufanele kwenziwe uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo yengane.
Ukubaluleka kwemfundo eguquliwe
Esikoleni, Izingane ezine-autism zidinga uhlelo lokufunda oluvumelaniswe nezidingo zabo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukufundisa kubhekisise izici zabo nokuthi amasu asetshenziswa athuthukisa ukufunda kwabo.
Ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele kusetshenzwe ngazo ekilasini zihlanganisa:
- Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu, kwezenhlalakahle kanye nemizwelo.
- Amakhono okuxhumana nolimi.
- Ulwazi lwezibalo nolunengqondo.
- Ukuqwashisa ngezingozi nemithethonqubo yokuphepha.
- Isikhathi sokuhlela nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Indlela ehlelekile nengabikezelwa, enezinqubo ezicacile kanye nokulindela imisebenzi, isiza izingane ezine-autism ukuthi zisebenze kangcono endaweni yesikole.
Ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwentuthuko ivumela umongo obanzi mayelana ne-autism nokuthi izithinta kanjani izingane.
Izinsiza namathuluzi okusebenza nezingane ezine-autism
Kunezinhlobonhlobo amathuluzi nezinsizakusebenza lokho kungasiza ukufundisa nokufunda kwezingane ezine ASD.
1. Fundisa Autism
Le webhusayithi inikeza izinto zokufundisa ngesiNgisi, kodwa ezinye zingashintshwa ukuze zisetshenziswe ngeSpanishi. Ihlinzeka ngamashidi okusebenza nemisebenzi yokufunda imiqondo eyisisekelo ngezithombe nemidlalo.
2. Project@ Emotions
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android lwamahhala oluklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusiza izingane ezine-autism ukuthi ziqonde futhi zilawule imizwa yazo. Ngemisebenzi yokuxoxisana, lezi zingane zingafunda ukuhlonza izimo ezihlukene zemizwa futhi ziziveze ngendlela efanele.
3. Isiphequluli se-ZAC
Kuyisiphequluli esiphephile esenzelwe izingane ezine-ASD kanye ne-Asperger's syndrome. Iqukethe imidlalo nemisebenzi eqinisayo ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nomphakathi endaweni evumelana nezidingo zabo.
I-Asperger syndrome Kuyisifo esivame ukuhlobene ne-autism esidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekilasini.
4. I-Navarra Autism Association (ANA)
Kuwebhusayithi yayo, i-ANA inikeza okuningi izinsiza zemfundo ukusebenza ekhaya noma esikoleni nezingane ezine-autism. Kukhona izinto ezibukwayo, ama-pictogram, imihlahlandlela yezemfundo nemisebenzi yokufundisa eyenzelwe ngqo ukufunda kwakho.
Imidlalo nemisebenzi enconyiwe
Imisebenzi yokudlala iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokukhuthaza ukufunda ezinganeni ezine-autism. Ezinye izinketho ezinconyiwe zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlunga imibala nokuma kanye nemidlalo yokuqhathanisa.
- Amakhadi anama-pictograms ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana.
- Imidlalo yokulingisa yokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nomphakathi.
- Imisebenzi yezinzwa enendlela yokwenza, imisindo nezibani.
- Ama-puzzle nemidlalo yokwakha ukuze asebenze ekugxiliseni namakhono emoto.
Futhi, umculo nezindaba ezinama-pictogram Zingamathuluzi abalulekile okuthuthukisa imizwelo nenhlalo.
Ukukhuthaza imfundo ebandakanyayo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezanele ekilasini kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuphila kahle izingane ezine-autism. Ngamasu alungile kanye nezinsiza ezihambisanayo, inqubekelaphambili enkulu ingenziwa ekufundeni nasekuxhumaneni nomphakathi.
