Iqiniso lemfundo laseYurophu, ikakhulukazi eSpain, liphawulwa yinto eqhubeka nokubangela amakhanda amaningi: el ukuyeka isikole ngabantu abashaNakuba izibalo zithuthukile uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, idatha evela ku-Eurostat, i-OECD kanye nezinhlangano ezahlukene zikazwelonke ibonisa ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nayo yonke i-European Union, iSpain iyaqhubeka nokusala ngemuva uma kukhulunywa ngokuthi ubani oshiya uhlelo lwezemfundo kusenesikhathi.
Ngale kwezinombolo ezibandayo, ngemuva kwephesenti ngalinye kunezindaba zabafana namantombazane abathi Bayeka indlela yabo yokufunda ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene: ubunzima bezemfundo, izinkinga zomnotho, isidingo sokusebenza, ukugula, ukudumazeka, noma ukuntuleka kokusekelwa.Ukuqonda okwenzekayo eSpain ngaphakathi komongo waseYurophu, ukuthi kungani kwenzeka, nokuthi kwenziwani ukuze kumiswe kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kwamakhono amancane, futhi, ngeshwa, ukugwema ukuqhubeka nomjikelezo wobumpofu.
Amanani okuyeka isikole e-European Union kanye nesikhundla seSpain
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwakamuva kwe-Eurostat, cishe I-14% yentsha e-European Union ike yayeka imfundo noma ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni ngesikhathi esithile.Ngamanye amazwi, ingxenye enkulu yentsha yaseYurophu iyahluleka ukuqeda izindlela zemfundo ezihleliwe, okusongela umsebenzi wayo wesikhathi esizayo kanye nesimo sayo senhlalo.
Umbiko ofanayo uqokomisa ukuthi amazinga okushiywa ngaphandle ayahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe: Amaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu atholakala eNetherlands, eDenmark, eLuxembourg nase-Estonia.ngamazinga adlula isilinganiso somphakathi ngokunethezeka, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi kunezizwe ezifana neRomania, iGrisi noma iBulgaria, lapho ukushiywa kwezingane kuphansi khona ngokwalezi zinkomba ezithile.
Nokho, iSpain ivame ukubonakala njengenye yamazwe anezinkinga eziningi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Labour Force Survey okubhekiselwe kuyo kanye nedatha yaseYurophu kubeka lokhu izinga lokuqeda esikoleni kwasekuqaleni cishe liyi-13%Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yentsha ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-24 ayiqedanga imfundo yamabanga aphezulu futhi ayilandeli noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuqeqeshwa. Lesi sibalo simelela okwesibili okuphezulu kuyo yonke i-European Union, idlulwa yiRomania kuphela kwamanye amarekhodi akamuva.
Uma sibheka isikhathi esibanzi, intuthuko ayinakuphikwa: Ngo-2008, iSpain yayinezinga lokuqeda isikole kwasekuqaleni elingama-32%.Lokhu kwakuhlobene kakhulu nokukhula kwemikhakha efana nokwakha kanye nokungenisa izihambi, okwathatha intsha engenazo iziqu kanye namaholo abonakala ekhangayo. Ngokukhula kwebhamuza lezindlu, izinto zashintsha futhi izinga lokuyeka ukufunda laqala ukwehla ngokushesha, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje lokhu kuthuthuka kuye kwama.
Izibalo zakamuva zibonisa ukuthi, nakuba sithuthuka, ISpain iyaqhubeka nokuwa ngemuva kakhulu komgomo waseYurophu wokunciphisa amazinga okuyeka isikole abe ngaphansi kuka-9% ngo-2030Isilinganiso se-EU sesivele sisondela kulowo mgomo, kodwa iSpain isalokhu ingaphezu kwamaphuzu amaningana, okwembula ubukhulu benselelo esisele.
Kungani intsha ishiya imfundo: izimbangela eziyinhloko
Idatha ye-Eurostat inikeza umbono wezizathu ezibangela ukuthi intsha ngokwayo iyeke uhlelo lwemfundo. Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuthi Izifundo azihlangabezani nokulindela kwazo noma zikuthola kunzima kakhulu.Cishe ama-42% alabo abashiya imfundo esemthethweni bacaphuna izizathu ezihlobene ngqo nohlelo lwemfundo uqobo.
Lezi zizathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zezemfundo noma ezihlobene nomklamo wezifundo, ziba zibaluleke kakhulu uma izinga liphezulu: Bamele ingxenye engaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu emfundweni eyisisekelo, cishe ingxenye yesithathu emfundweni yesibili, kanye nengxenye engaphezu kwengxenye emfundweni ephakeme.Njengoba abafundi beqhubeka nemfundo yabo, izidingo ziyanda, futhi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwalokho abafundi abakulindele nalokho abahlangabezana nakho empeleni kuyakhula.
Okwesibili, i izizathu zomndeni noma zomuntu siquokubalwa cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yamacala. Sikhuluma ngezimo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu: imithwalo yemfanelo yokunakekela, izingxabano emndenini, ukushintsha kwezindawo zokuhlala, izinkinga ezingokomzwelo… Lezi zici zithinta kakhulu abafundi abanezinga eliphansi lemfundo, lapho imithwalo yemindeni kanye nokuntuleka kwenethiwekhi yokusekela kubonakala khona.
Esinye isizathu esibalulekile yi- ukukhetha ukujoyina imakethe yezabasebenziCishe u-14% wentsha eshiye uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa ithi ibifuna ukusebenza, noma ukuze ifinyelele ukuzimela ngokwezimali, isize imindeni yayo, noma ngoba inomuzwa wokuthi ukuqhubeka nezifundo zayo akusizi ngalutho. Lesi sizathu sivame kakhulu emazingeni aphansi emfundo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zobunzima bezomnotho.
Isigaba ku- ukugula noma ukukhubazekaLokhu kuvame kakhulu kulabo abanemfundo encane. Phakathi kwabafundi abanemfundo eyisisekelo, abangaphezu kuka-11% bacaphuna lezi zici zezempilo njengezici ezinquma ukuyeka kwabo isikole, iphesenti elinciphayo njengoba izinga lemfundo likhuphuka, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezigabeni zokuqala kungashukumisela abafundi ukuba bashiye uhlelo.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi, nakuba ubunzima bezomnotho buvame ukukhulunywa ngabo engxoxweni yomphakathi, bangaphezudlwana kuka-5% kuphela abantu abasha abathi Imali njengembangela eyinhloko yokushiywa ngaphandleLokhu akusho ukuthi umnotho awunawo ithonya, kodwa kunalokho uvame ukubonakala uhlanganiswe nezinye izici (ukuqashwa kusenesikhathi, ukudumazeka, ukuntuleka kokulindela) futhi akukhulunywa ngaso sonke isikhathi njengesizathu kuphela.
ISpain: intsha eningi eneziqu zaseyunivesithi, kodwa eningi kakhulu eneziqu zasesikoleni samabanga aphezulu kuphela
Imibiko ye-OECD ngemfundo idweba isithombe esingavamile eSpain: ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesilinganiso esikhulu se intsha enemfundo ephakeme (ukuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe eyunivesithi noma ezingeni eliphezulu), ngaphezu kwesilinganiso se-EU kanye ne-OECD; ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona neqembu elikhulu kakhulu labantu abangadluli imfundo ephoqelekile.
Kubantu abaneminyaka engu-25-34, cishe Ama-25% abantu abasha baseSpain bane-ESO (Imfundo Yesibili Ephoqelekile) noma izinga elilinganayo kuphela.Ngamanye amazwi, oyedwa kwabane abasha uqeda imfundo eyisisekelo kuphela futhi akaqhubeki nemfundo ephakeme yamabanga aphezulu (iBachillerato) noma ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi yezandla okuphakathi (i-FP de Grado Medio). Lesi sibalo sicishe siphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso se-European Union futhi sisibeka emazingeni afana namazwe angewona awe-EU anezinhlelo zemfundo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eduze Intsha engu-52% kulelo qembu leminyaka efanayo inemfundo ephakemeLesi sibalo sibeka iSpain phakathi kwamazwe aneziqu eziningi kakhulu zokuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe emanyuvesi nasezingeni eliphezulu. Indida ilele eqinisweni lokuthi iqembu eliphakathi nendawo, labo abanediploma yesikole samabanga aphezulu noma iziqu zokuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe eziphakathi nendawo, lincane kakhulu: cishe u-22%, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso se-EU esingu-43%.
Lokhu kungalingani kudala izinkinga eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kushiya intsha eningi ivaleleke ngezinga elanele lemfundo, bavezwa kakhulu ukungasebenzi, amaholo aphansi kanye nokungabi sengoziniNgakolunye uhlangothi, kuphoqa abaningi abaphothule eyunivesithi ukuba bamukele imisebenzi engaphansi kweziqu zabo, okubangela umuzwa wokungabi namakhono amaningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwethalente.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSpain inephesenti eliphezulu kakhulu labantu abadala abanamakhono aphansi: cishe abantu abangu-36% abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-25 no-64 Akuzange kudlule isigaba sokuqala semfundo yamabanga aphezulu. Lesi sibalo siphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso saseYurophu futhi sinciphisa amathuba ezingane, njengoba imfundo yabazali ithonya kakhulu izinga lemfundo elifinyelelwa yizingane zabo ekugcineni.
Umehluko wendawo, ubumpofu, kanye nomjikelezo okunzima ukuwuqeda
Izilinganiso zikazwelonke zifihla amaqiniso ahlukene kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umphakathi ozimele ungubani. Kwezinye izifunda, njengalokhu Ezweni laseBasque noma eCantabria, izinga lokuqeda isikole kusenesikhathi liphansi kakhulu kunesilinganiso saseYurophu.ngezibalo ezicishe zibe ngu-5%. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo ezifana neziQhingi zaseBalearic noma eMurcia, amaphesenti akhuphuka kakhulu, afinyelela kabili isilinganiso se-EU.
Lo mehluko wezindawo uchazwa kakhulu yi- isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho semindeniIzifunda ezinezinga eliphezulu lobumpofu bezingane noma izimakethe zemisebenzi zesizini ephezulu (isibonelo, lezo ezincike kwezokuvakasha) zivame ukuba nezinga eliphezulu lokuyeka ukufunda. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi lapho kukhona ubuthakathaka obukhulu kwezomnotho, kukhona nezingane eziningi kanye nentsha ezishiya isikole ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Save the Children zikhuluma ngokucacile nge- "isiyingi sobumpofu"Intsha eningi iyayeka ukufunda ukuze ifake isandla emholweni wemindeni, kodwa lokhu kubabeka emjikelezweni wemisebenzi ebucayi neholela kancane, okwandisa izimo ababezama ukuzibalekela. Ngale ndlela, ukuntuleka kwamathuba emfundo kudluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye.
Ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi Ukuxhumana phakathi kobuthakathaka emphakathini kanye nokuyeka isikole kusondelene kakhuluIsibonelo, izifundo zesifunda eCatalonia zibonisa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abasha abavela emindenini enezinkinga ezinkulu zomnotho abayiqedi imfundo yamabanga aphezulu ephoqelekile (i-ESO) noma, uma beyenza, abayi emfundweni yamabanga aphezulu (i-Bachillerato) noma ekuqeqeshweni kwemisebenzi (i-FP). Ingozi yokuyeka isikole iyanda kakhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa imali engenayo ephansi, imfundo yabazali ephansi, kanye nezindawo ezinezinsiza zemfundo ezimbalwa.
Okungeziwe kulokhu ukungalingani kwasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni, kanye nesimo sabantu abafudukayo. Idatha ye-OECD ikhombisa ukuthi Intsha ezalelwe ngaphandle kweSpain inamathuba amaningi okuba "ama-NEET" (Akukhona emfundweni, emsebenzini, noma ekuqeqeshweni). (abafundi noma abasebenzi) kunentsha yasendaweni, nokuthi igebe ezingeni lemfundo phakathi kwabo likhulu kakhulu ezweni lakithi.
Isenzakalo sama-"NEET" kanye nokuxhumana nokulahlwa
Eqenjini leminyaka eli-18-24, eduze I-17-18% yabasebasha baseSpain iwela esigabeni esithi "NEET"Okusho ukuthi, abafundi futhi abasebenzi. Leli zinga lidlula ngokusobala isilinganiso se-European Union kanye ne-OECD, yize lehlile uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eyalandela inkinga yezomnotho.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abangaphezu kwengxenye yalaba bantu abasha ukufuna umsebenzi ngenkuthaloNgakho-ke, leli akulona iqembu labantu abangasebenzi elifanayo. Noma kunjalo, iphesenti lentsha ehlala ngaphandle kohlelo lwemfundo kanye nemakethe yezabasebenzi lisephezulu kakhulu futhi linomthelela oqondile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kanye nokwenhlalo kwezwe.
ESpain kukhona okukhethekile: Inani lamadoda "ane-NEET" liphakeme kancane kunelabesifazaneNgokungafani nesilinganiso se-OECD kanye ne-EU, lapho abesifazane bevame ukuvela kulesi sigaba, lolu lwazi luhlotshaniswa ngokwengxenye nezinga eliphezulu lokuyeka isikole phakathi kwabafana, okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bashiye isikole bayosebenza emikhakheni enamakhono aphansi.
Uma kwenzeka intsha evela kwamanye amazwe, amathuba okuthi igcine ingama-NEET (Akuyona imfundo, umsebenzi, noma ukuqeqeshwa) nawo ayanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intsha efudukayo iyabonisa ukuthi amazinga okuphothula kanye nokuqhubeka kwezifundo kuphansi kakhulu kunokwabantu bomdabuLokhu kuholela emathubeni emisebenzi amabi kakhulu. Nakuba cishe ama-45% entsha yaseSpain inemfundo ephakeme, cishe ama-28% kuphela abokufika abafinyelela kulelo zinga, igebe lamaphuzu acishe abe yi-17, okungenye yamazwe amakhulu phakathi kwalawo ahlaziywe yi-OECD.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezici kwenza ukuyeka esikoleni kusenesikhathi kanye nomcimbi "we-NEET" enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zenqubomgomo yomphakathingoba akugcini nje ngokuthinta izindlela zomuntu ngamunye kodwa futhi nokukhula komnotho, imali engenayo yentela yesikhathi esizayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali ezinzuzweni zomphakathi.
Ukuphinda inkambo, uphawu olubonisa ukuyeka isikole
Ukuphindaphinda amamaki kungenye isici sesimiso semfundo saseSpain futhi kuhlobene kakhulu namazinga okuyeka esikoleni. Imibiko eyahlukahlukene ichaza uhlelo lwethu njengolujwayelekile. imodeli engavamile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kakhulu kokuphindaphinda uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athola imiphumela efanayo yezemfundo.
Esikoleni samabanga aphansi, cishe u-2% wabafundi baphinda ibanga, okuyiphesenti elivele liphezulu kancane kunesilinganiso se-OECD. Kodwa igxathu lifika esikoleni samabanga aphakeme: Amanani okuphindaphinda aphakathi kuka-6% no-8% kuye ngokuthi inkambo ikuphiLokhu kungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwezinga emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Lapho befika eminyakeni eyi-15, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabafundi baseSpain sebephinde ibanga okungenani kanye, kanti ngonyaka wesine we-ESO (imfundo yamabanga aphansi ephoqelekile), izinga lokuphindaphinda licishe libe ngu-6%, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esingaphezudlwana kuka-3% ku-OECD.
Ubufakazi obutholakalayo busikisela ukuthi ukuphindaphinda, njengoba kusetshenziswa eSpain, Akukuthuthukisi ngokusobala ukusebenza kwezemfundo esikhathini esifushane. Noma kunjalo, kuyandisa ingozi yokuthi abafundi bayeke. Ukuphinda ibanga kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka okukhulu: abafana namantombazane abaningi bazizwa “bengafaneleki ukufunda,” balahlekelwa yimisebenzi esikoleni, futhi ababoni sizathu sokuqhubeka nokuzama.
Ochwepheshe bezemfundo bafuna ushintsho endleleni yokwenza izinto: ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kube yinto encane kakhulu nokugxila kakhulu kukho ukuqinisa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, amaqembu amancane, amakilasi ahlukene, ukwesekwa kwangaphakathi kwekilasi, kanye nesiqondiso sokuqalaEqinisweni, amazwe athola imiphumela emihle ezivivinyweni zamazwe ngamazwe ezinamazinga aphansi kakhulu okuphindaphinda avame ukuthembela kulezi zinhlobo zamasu okusekela kunokwenza abafundi baphinde izifundo zonke.
Kulesi simo, iSpain izame ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwamabanga ngokushintsha imithetho, kodwa idatha ikhombisa ukuthi kusenendlela ende okufanele ihanjwe ngaphambi kokuba isiko lesikole siyeke ukuthembela kakhulu kuleli thuluzi futhi sithembele kakhulu ezindleleni zokuvimbela ukwehluleka.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali, amanethiwekhi omphakathi naxhaswe ngemali, kanye nezimo zokufundisa
Uma kuhlaziywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe malini emfundweni, iSpain ibeka amazinga ngaphansi kancane kwesilinganiso se-OECD kanye ne-EU semali echithwayo ngomfundi ngamunyeEsifinyezweni sakamuva sokuqhathanisa, izwe lethu litshala imali engaphezu kuka-$12.000 ngomfundi ngamunye, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso se-OECD esingaphezu kuka-$14.000.
Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe lubonisa ukuthi akukhona nje ukusebenzisa imali eningi, kodwa lezo zinsizakusebenza zisatshalaliswa kanjaniKukhona amazwe anezimali eziphezulu kakhulu ngomfundi ngamunye onemiphumela yezemfundo engemihle kakhulu, kanti amanye anezimali ezilinganiselwe kakhulu ezifinyelela ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. ESpain, impikiswano igxile kokubili kumthamo kanye nokwabiwa kwemali: ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye enikelwe ekusekeleni labo abayidinga kakhulu, ukunciphisa izilinganiso zabafundi nothisha ezimweni ezisengozini, noma ukuthuthukisa ukwesekwa kwezemfundo yezenhlalo.
Esinye isici esihlukile isisindo senethiwekhi yokubambisana phakathi komphakathi nozimele. Cishe eyodwa Ama-32% abafundi bezikole zamabanga aphansi babhalisele ezikoleni ezizimele ezixhaswe nguhulumeniKulezi zinhlelo, ingxenye enkulu yezindleko ihlanganiswa yizimali zomphakathi, kodwa imindeni nayo ithwala ingxenye enkulu yezindleko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali komphakathi ezikoleni ezizimele ezixhaswe ngemali kukhule kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, okwenza kube nokugxekwa emikhakheni ekhuthaza ukubeka phambili uhlelo lwezikole zomphakathi njengethuluzi lokulwa nokuyeka isikole kanye nokuhlukaniswa.
Ngokuphathelene nabasebenzi bokufundisa, othisha baseSpain ikhokhelwe kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso saseYurophuikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yabo. Kodwa-ke, ukufinyelela amaholo aphezulu kudinga cishe iminyaka engamashumi amane yomsebenzi, enye yezindlela zomsebenzi ezinde kakhulu kwi-OECD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, othisha eSpain baqoqa amahora okufundisa amaningi kunabalingani babo kwamanye amazwe, yize amahora abo okusebenza engemade kakhulu.
Izinyunyana kanye nezinhlangano zobungcweti zixwayisa ngokuthi lo mthwalo omkhulu wezigaba eziqondile, ohambisana nokukhula kwehhovisi likahulumeni, Kunciphisa isikhathi esitholakalayo sokulungiselela izifundo ngendlela efanele, ukuxhumanisa nabanye othisha, ukuhambela abafundi ngabanye, noma ukuthola ukuqeqeshwa.Yingakho bephikelela ekubukezeni ukwakheka komsebenzi wokufundisa, ukunciphisa imisebenzi yokuphatha, ukwehlisa izilinganiso emakilasini ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuqinisa ukuzinza kothisha ezikoleni ezinezinkinga ezikhethekile.
Izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukushiywa ngaphandle kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukisa
Iziphakamiso zokulwa nokuyeka esikoleni kusenesikhathi ziyahlukahluka, kodwa cishe zonke ziyavuma ukuthi kumele kuthathwe isinyathelo. kusukela ebuntwaneni kakhulu ukuthola izinkinga zokufunda kanye nezimo eziphathelene nesimo ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizifo ezingamahlalakhona. Imfundo yezingane ezisencane esezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi kusukela eminyakeni engu-0 kuya kwemi-3 ubudala, ibhekwa njengethuluzi elinamandla lokulinganisa amathuba nokunciphisa izikhala zesikhathi esizayo.
ISpain inamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okubhalisa ezigabeni zokuqala zemfundo, ikakhulukazi kusukela eminyakeni emi-3, kanye nokuba khona okwandayo e- imfundo eqhubekayo yabantu abadalaAbantu abaningi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 babuyela ezifundweni zabo noma baqhubeke nemfundo yabo, okuyinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lemfundo lezwe lonke.
Esikoleni Samabanga Aphezulu kanye Nasesikoleni Samabanga Aphezulu, ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukuthi Qinisa isiqondiso sezemfundo kanye nesobungcweti Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi banolwazi olungcono ngezindlela ezahlukene ezitholakalayo (ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi, imfundo yamabanga aphezulu, izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe, njll.) futhi abaphoqelekile ukwenza izinqumo ngolwazi olulinganiselwe. Imikhankaso yokuqwashisa iyaphakanyiswa futhi ukuze kugcizelelwe ukubaluleka kokuqeda okungenani imfundo yamabanga aphezulu nokuqhubeka nezifundo zakho.
Enye ingaphambili eliyinhloko yi- Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi wezandlaESpain, ukubhaliswa e Izinhlelo Zokuqeqeshwa Komsebenzi Eziyisisekelo Neziphakathi Kusalokhu kungaphansi kwesilinganiso saseYurophu, naphezu kokuba yindlela enethuba elikhulu lokuxhumanisa isikole nemakethe yezabasebenzi ngendlela enekhono. Ukukhuthaza ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi, okuhlanganisa imodeli ekabili enezindawo zomsebenzi, kungaba yindlela ekhangayo kubantu abasha abangaziboni besebenzisa izindlela zemfundo ezengeziwe.
Kodwa-ke, abadlali abaningana bayaxwayisa ngokuthi ukwanda kokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi Kuye kwaheha abatshalizimali abazimele kanye nezimali ezibona ithuba lebhizinisi. Emiphakathini efana neCatalonia, kakade sekunezinkulungwane zentsha ezithi Basala bengenandawo ohlelweni lokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi olufunwayo futhi bangafinyelela kuyo kuphela uma bekhokhela isikhungo sangasese, esibuyisela kabusha ukuguquguquka kwezomnotho njengesithiyo futhi sivule umnyango wemithombo emisha yokungalingani.
Okokugcina, izinhlangano nezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ziphakamisa izinyathelo ezithile ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu bokushiywa: Nciphisa inani labafundi ngekilasi ngalinye, qasha abeluleki abengeziwe, usebenzise izinhlelo zokusekela nokufundisa, ulwe nokuhlukaniswa kwezikole, futhi uqinise ukusebenza nemindeniKugcizelelwa ukuthi izinsizakusebenza kumele zibe zinkulu lapho izidingo zinkulu khona, uma singafuni ukuqhubeka nokondla umjikelezo wobumpofu.
Konke okungenhla kuveza isithombe esiyinkimbinkimbi, lapho i-European Union iyonke iqhubekela phambili emazingeni aphansi okuyeka esikoleni, kodwa lapho amazwe afana neSpain esabhekene nezibalo eziphezulu kanye nomthelela omkhulu wabantu abadala abanamakhono aphansi. Ukugxila ekutholeni ubunzima kusenesikhathi, ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhaswa ngezimali ngokulinganayo, kanye nokuqinisa uhlelo lwemfundo yomphakathi, ngenkathi futhi kuvikela izimo zokusebenza zothisha, kubonakala kuyindlela enengqondo kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi intsha encane iyayeka isikole. imfundo iphinde ibe yisivikelo sangempela sokuhamba komphakathi.
