La ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe Kuyisiyalo esihehayo esihlanganisa isayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nobuciko ukuze kufundwe futhi kumela igeography yomhlaba. Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuqonda indawo ebonakalayo esihlala kuyo, kodwa futhi ukuhlela kahle nokuphatha izinsiza zeplanethi yethu. Ngamathuluzi endabuko nawesimanje, abadwebi bamabalazwe bayakwazi ukunikeza incazelo enemininingwane nenembile yendawo yoMhlaba kanye nezakhi eziwakhayo.
Iyini i-Cartography futhi iguquke kanjani?
La ekudwetshweni kwamabalazwe Yisayensi enesibopho ifanekisela izakhi zesikhala sendawo, njengezimpawu ezibonakalayo, imingcele, inani labantu, ingqalasizinda nezinsiza. Kuwo wonke umlando, lokhu kuziphatha kuye kwavela ngokuphawulekayo, kusuka kumamephu okuqala angajwayelekile enziwe ngesandla kuya kumasistimu edijithali ayinkimbinkimbi akwazi ukunikeza izethulo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinembe kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni, ukubonakala koMhlaba kwakukwaziwa kuphela ngokubuka okuqondile okuvela ezindaweni eziphakeme, njengezintaba noma amabhaluni omoya oshisayo. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, amathuluzi afana GPS (Global Positioning System), inzwa ekude ngamasathelayithi kanye nokusetshenziswa I-Photogrammetry. Le nqubo yokugcina, esekelwe ezilinganisweni zejiyomethri ezivela ezithombeni, isivumele ukuba sithole idatha enezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi udale amamodeli edijithali wendawo.
Amathuluzi nobuchwepheshe ku-Cartography
I-cartography yesimanje incike ezinhlobonhlobo ze ubuchwepheshe eziguqule indlela idatha eqoqwa futhi ihlaziywe ngayo. Ngezansi amanye amathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu abadwebi bamabalazwe:
- Izinhlelo ze-Geographic Information (GIS): Lezi zinhlelo zivumela ukuqoqwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yendawo, okusiza ukudalwa kwamamephu amahle kakhulu. ukunemba.
- Ukuzwa okude: Ngokusebenzisa izithombe ezithathwe amasathelayithi nama-drones, kungenzeka ukuthola umbono onemininingwane wezindawo ezithile, okuhlanganisa ubunzima bokufinyelela.
- GPS: Ibalulekile ukuze uthole izixhumanisi eziqondile, i-GPS iyithuluzi elibalulekile lomsebenzi wasensimini kanye ukuhlela indawo.
- I-Photogrammetry: Isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa nokumelela izinto noma indawo evela ezithombeni zasemoyeni noma zesathelayithi.
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kakhulu kobuchwepheshe obuphambili, izindlela zendabuko, njengezithombe zasemoyeni ezithathwe ezindizeni, zihlala zibalulekile futhi zihambisana namasu esimanje.
Imisebenzi namandla omdwebi wamabalazwe
Umdwebi wamabalazwe akazinikele kuphela ekudaleni amamephu. Lo chwepheshe wenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene esukela ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yendawo ekuchazeni kwayo ukuze kusetshenziswe okuthile. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko kukhona:
- Ukulungiswa kwemephu: Besebenzisa amasu edijithali nawendabuko, abadwebi bamabalazwe bakhiqiza izethulo ezibonakalayo zezindawo ezibalulekile emikhakheni eminingi.
- Ukuphathwa kolwazi lwe-Geospatial: Baqoqa idatha besebenzisa amathuluzi athuthukile ukuze bayihlanganise nezinhlelo ze-GIS.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwendawo: Benza izifundo ezihlobene nokongiwa kwezindawo zemvelo, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha kanye nokuhlelwa kwengqalasizinda.
- Ukulondolozwa kwemvelo: Basiza ukuthuthukisa amasu okusebenzisa indawo ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Amathuba emisebenzi ku-Cartography
Inkundla yemisebenzi yomdwebi wamabalazwe ihlukahlukene futhi ingahlanganisa imikhakha yomphakathi nezimele. Ezinye izinketho zomsebenzi zihlanganisa:
- Ukufundisa: Fundisa amakilasi emazingeni aphakathi naphakeme emfundo ezindaweni ezihlobene iJografi kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi lwendawo.
- Ukubonisana: Nikeza ngezinsizakalo njengochwepheshe kuma-topographic survey, ukuhlaziywa kwe-geospatial kanye nezifundo ze umthelela wezemvelo.
- Ukuphathwa komphakathi: Bamba iqhaza ekulondolozeni nasekubuyekezeni amaphrojekthi we-cartography kazwelonke noma yesifunda.
- Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe: Sebenza ezinkampanini zokuthuthukisa isoftware ezikhethekile ku-GIS kanye ne-digital cartography.
Ukwengeza, ukuthwebula amabalazwe kubalulekile emikhakheni efana nokuhlela amadolobha, ezokuvikela, ezokuvakasha kanye ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, okuvulela inqwaba yamathuba kulabo abangochwepheshe kule ndawo.
Izidingo zokufunda i-Bachelor's Degree in Cartography
Kulabo abathanda ukufunda lo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zemfundo, ezingase zehluke kuye ngenyuvesi. Kudingeka ngokujwayelekile:
- Ngemva kokuqeda i- imfundo yesibili.
- Yethula imibhalo esemthethweni (isitifiketi sokufunda, isitifiketi sokuzalwa, njll.).
- Izivivinyo zokungena noma izivivinyo zokufaneleka, kuye ngesikhungo semfundo.
Mayelana nokuqeqeshwa, kuhle ukuba namakhono ku izibalo, IT y iJografi, njengoba lezi zindawo zizodingidwa kabanzi phakathi nezifundo.
La Isiqu seCartography Ayigcini nje ngokunikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuqinile kumasu namathuluzi esimanje, kodwa futhi ikhuthaza ukuqonda okuphelele kwendawo ezungezile. Ukufunda le degree kunikeza ithuba lokufaka isandla kakhulu ekuhlelweni nasekulondolozweni kweplanethi yethu, okudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni okufanele kwezinsiza zethu.